tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-177935762024-03-13T13:33:35.362-07:00Liberty in the CurriculumAdvancing undergraduate education in Liberty StudiesBillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.comBlogger69125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-32927516325620009462010-08-09T14:51:00.001-07:002010-08-09T14:53:04.840-07:00Liberty Studies CourseThis blog will now be used for my course "Liberty Studies" being offered in the fall of 2010.<div><br /></div><div><br /></div>wklin2http://www.blogger.com/profile/12679406385230485989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-52044418267428057292009-09-03T09:45:00.000-07:002009-09-03T09:49:04.858-07:00Locke and the State of Nature<div><div><div>John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, Book II, Chapter II, section 4</div><div><br /></div><div>"To understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature; without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man."</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Accessed from http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/763 on 2009-09-03</div></div></div>wklin2http://www.blogger.com/profile/12679406385230485989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-63023113659219957802009-08-21T13:02:00.000-07:002009-08-21T13:04:05.000-07:00Hobbes on Civil Disobedience?Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Part I, Chapter XIV<br /><br />A covenant to accuse oneself, without assurance of pardon, is<br />likewise invalid. For in the condition of nature, where every man<br />is judge, there is no place for accusation: and in the civil state,<br />the accusation is followed with punishment; which being force, a man is not obliged not to resist. ... Also accusations upon torture, are not to be reputed as testimonies. For torture is to be used but as means of conjecture, and light, in the further examination, and search of truth: and what is in that case confessed, tendeth to the ease of him that is tortured; not to the informing of the torturers: and therefore ought not to have the credit of a sufficient testimony: for whether he deliver himself by true, or false accusation, he does it by the right of preserving his own life.<br /><br />Accessed from http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/585 on 2009-08-21Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-57331389512255958532009-08-18T13:58:00.000-07:002009-08-18T14:06:15.885-07:00Hobbes on Rights and LibertyThomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Part I, Chapter XIV<br /><br />The right of nature, which writers commonly call jus naturale, is<br />the liberty each man hath, to use his own power, as he will himself, for the preservation of his own nature; that is to say, of his own life; and consequently, of doing any thing, which in his own judgment, and reason, he shall conceive to be the aptest means thereunto. <br /><br />By liberty, is understood, according to the proper signification of the word, the absence of external impediments: which<br />impediments, may oft take away part of a man’s power to do what he would; but cannot hinder him from using the power left him, according as his judgment, and reason shall dictate to him.<br /><br />Source: <a href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php&title=585">Online Library of Liberty</a>, Liberty Fund, Inc.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-57623185752872839422009-08-14T09:50:00.000-07:002009-08-14T09:56:09.607-07:00Locke on LibertySecond Treatise, Book II, Chapter IV, Section 22:<br /><br />The natural liberty of man is to be free from any superior power on earth, and not to be under the will or legislative authority of man, but to have only the law of nature for his rule. The liberty of man, in society, is to be under no other legislative power, but that established, by consent, in the commonwealth; nor under the dominion of any will, or restraint of any law, but what that legislative shall enact, according to the trust put in it. Freedom then is not what sir Robert Filmer tells us, O, A. 55. “a liberty for every one to do what he lists, to live as he pleases, and not to be tied by any laws:” but freedom of men under government is, to have a standing rule to live by, common to every one of that society, and made by the legislative power erected in it; a liberty to follow my own will in all things, where the rule prescribes not; and not to be subject to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, arbitrary will of another man: as freedom of nature is, to be under no other restraint but the law of nature.<br /><br />Taken from <a href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=763&Itemid=27">Online Library of Liberty</a>, Liberty Fund, Inc.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-25533313492310172492009-08-11T19:27:00.000-07:002009-08-11T19:43:32.890-07:00Fee Man's Library*<br />The complete Free Man's Library, by Henry Hazlitt, can now be found on the mises.org website. The exact address for the book is <a href="http://mises.org/books/freemanslibrary.pdf">http://mises.org/books/freemanslibrary.pdf</a><br /><br />8Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-83446358415514458562009-03-05T15:15:00.000-08:002009-03-05T15:20:59.463-08:00Bohm-Bawerk, Eugen vonBohm-Bawerk, Eugen von. <span style="font-style: italic;">The Positive Theory of Capital</span>. 1888. (Macmillan. 1891.) 428 pp.<br /><br />One of the most brilliant and original contributions - if not the most brilliant and original - ever made to the theory of capital and interest. Bohm-Bawerk, declares the <span style="font-style: italic;">Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences</span>, "was at a very early age one of the first to accept the teaching of Karl Menger, giving all his powers to the development and the defense of the subjective theory of value: it is to him that both the success and the formulation og the theory are largely due." According to Frank W. Taussig, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Positive Theory of Capital</span> "is a landmark in the development of thought. As an intellectual performance, there are few books on economics in any language that can be ranked with it. One may not agree with all that is said, but the book bears the unmistakable impression of a great mind."Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-86724999233838868002009-03-03T13:29:00.000-08:002009-03-05T15:13:59.563-08:00Bohm-Bawerk, Eugen vonBohm-Bawerk, Eugen von. <span style="font-style: italic;">Karl Marx and the Close of His System</span>. 1896, etc. London: Unwin. 221 pp.<br /><br />Until the appearance of <span style="font-style: italic;">Socialism</span> by Ludwig von Mises (q.v.), this was by far the best criticism of the economics of Karl Marx. For the points that it covers - chiefly the fallacies of the Marxian labor theory of value - it is still superb, unanswerable, and irreplaceable.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-25163933086516595992009-03-03T13:24:00.000-08:002009-03-03T13:28:11.527-08:00Blum, Walter, and Kalven, Harvey, Jr.Blum, Walter, and Kalven, Harvey, Jr. <span style="font-style: italic;">The Uneasy Case for Progressive Taxation</span>. University of Chicago Press. 1953. 107 pp.<br /><br />"Progressive-tax theory has been due for an overhauling, and the authors do a highly competent job. ... The work is distinguished by penetrating analysis, comprehensive coverage of sources, and excellent documentation ... Rates high honors in the field." - <span style="font-style: italic;">Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</span>.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-18773092068213800432009-03-02T15:37:00.000-08:002009-03-02T15:44:23.181-08:00Berlin, IsaiahBerlin, Isaiah. <span style="font-style: italic;">Historical Inevitability</span>. Oxford University Press. 1954. 79 pp.<br /><br />The main purpose of this lecture is to consider a tendency which has, in the West, been growing since the eighteenth century, to regard human history as the product of impersonal "forces" obeying "inexorable" laws; with the implied consequence that individual human beings are seldom responsible for bringing about situations for which they are commonly praised or blamed, since the real culprit is "the historical process" itself - which individuals can do little to influence. "A magnificent assertion of the reality of human freedom, of the role of free choice in history." - London <span style="font-style: italic;">Economist</span>.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-83302144169126409322009-03-02T15:27:00.000-08:002009-03-02T15:36:29.717-08:00Berger-Perrin, ReneBerger-Perrin, Rene. <span style="font-style: italic;">Vitalite Liberale</span>. Paris: Editions SEDIF. 1953. 93 pp.<br /><br />M. Berger-Perrin is Secretary General of <span style="font-style: italic;">L'Association de l'Enterprise a Capital Personnel</span>. "After a quarter of a century of the predominance of authoritarian and collectivist ideas," he writes, "liberal thought today is reappearing with increased force and profundity." To prove this he has put together a little anthology of excerpts from more than fifty writers - French, English, American, German, Norwegian, Swiss, Dutch, mexican, etc. These include not only economists, but sociologists, hostorians, journalists, and businessmen.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-36709161728683707442007-11-25T09:25:00.000-08:002007-11-25T09:38:50.330-08:00Library of CongressHere is something that may help those with a research question. It is possible to use the Library of Congress website to ask a librarian reference questions at <a href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/askalib/">http://www.loc.gov/rr/askalib/</a> <br /><br />Given that it takes 5 days for a response, you may wish to check the <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">LOC's</span> <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">faq</span> page for researchers first at <a href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/res-faq.html">http://www.loc.gov/rr/res-faq.html</a>Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-79520809424678106532007-03-11T20:47:00.000-07:002007-03-11T20:51:16.781-07:00Bentley, ElizabethBentley, Elizabeth. <span style="font-style: italic;">Out of Bondage</span>. Devin-Adair. 1951. 311 pp.<br /><br />In this autobiographical account Miss Bentley, an American College girl, describes how she entered the Communist party, took part in its secret underground for ten years, and later collaborated with the Federal Bureau of Investigation after she left the party. Although her story on its appearance was ridiculed by some reviewers as "schoolgirlish" and "phoney," many of her most startling charges have been confirmed by later investigation.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-582283681035649652007-03-04T07:34:00.000-08:002007-03-11T20:39:21.809-07:00Point to Ponder*<br />"Liberty is about us as social beings, and so it is a social concept."<br /><div style="text-align: center;">Charles Fried, <span style="font-style: italic;">Modern Liberty</span>, 2007 p. 76.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br />BK: Think about this - (a) Many advocates of liberty focus on egoism and individualism as the foundation of liberty. Fried does as well by grounding liberty in our individual autonomy. The claim that liberty is a <span style="font-style: italic;">social</span> concept is <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">debatable</span>. (b) This debate is both political and metaphysical - 1. Is the nature of my liberty, as an ethical restraint on you, and the state, socially determined? 2. Is the source of our concept of liberty, so that it is part of our language that we can talk about, formed through social interaction.<br /><br />Could Crusoe, without Friday, be said to have any liberty? Would Friday, without Crusoe, ever have formed the idea of liberty?<br /></div></div>Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-6077491666902338302007-02-28T13:32:00.000-08:002007-02-28T13:57:49.621-08:00Bentham, JeremyBentham, Jeremy. <span style="font-style: italic;">Works</span>. Edited by John <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">Bowring</span>. 1838-1843. Edinburgh: Tait. 11 vols.<br /><br />"A considerable amount of Bentham is still worthy of study. He may be considered as the philosophic founder of modern British democracy. He held that the State exists to promote the individual <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">happiness</span> of the citizens who compose it and that ministers are the servants of the electors. For our purposes, the more important works are: (1) <span style="font-style: italic;">A Fragment on Government </span>(1776), (2) <span style="font-style: italic;">Defense of Usury</span> (1787), (3) <span style="font-style: italic;">An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation</span> (1789). As a Utilitarian, an Individualist, and a reformer of laws and institutions, he deserves more attention than he now receives. Bentham is, like Locke, influential, but known chiefly through the work of his pupils and disciples." - PI.<br /><br />Bentham, Jeremy, <span style="font-style: italic;">Defense of Usury</span>. 1787. Many editions. 232pp.<br /><br />Jeremy Bentham whose reputation has hitherto been that of a moralist, a founder of Utilitarianism, a logician, a great political and legal philosopher and reformer, was also, it is now being discovered, an outstanding economist. Until very recent years, by far the greater part of Bentham's economic work was completely unknown - locked up in chaotic and illegible manuscripts. The Royal Economic Society commissioned Dr. W. Stark to make a closer scrutiny of this material, which in 1952 was published in three volumes under the title <span style="font-style: italic;">Jeremy Bentham's Economic Writings</span> (London: Allen and <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">Unwin</span>).<br /><br />The <span style="font-style: italic;">Defense of Usury</span>, however, which is included in these volumes, was published in 1787 and acquired immediate celebrity. Bentham was a great admirer of Adam Smith, whom he called "the father of political economy" and a writer of <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">consummate</span> genius." But he was not an uncritical admirer, and in the <span style="font-style: italic;">Defense of Usury</span>, which he published eleven years after the appearance of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Wealth of Nations</span>, he ventured to take the master to task for his inconsistency in approving so-called anti-usury laws while opposing government price-fixing in practically every other field.<br /><br />"The Liberty of Bargaining in money matters," wrote Bentham, is "a species of liberty which has never yet found an advocate." Yet "fixing the rate of interest, being a coercive measure, and an <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">exception</span> to the general rule in favor of the enforcement of contracts, it lies upon the advocates of the measure to produce reasons for it." Examining the reasons that had been offered, Bentham rejected them as invalid, and proceeded to explain the positive "mischiefs" done by the anti-usury laws. He concluded that there is "no more reason for fixing the price of the use of money than the price of goods."Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-3753518228331218502007-02-11T20:07:00.000-08:002007-02-06T13:48:08.050-08:00Notable Quote: Adam Smith"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantage" (Adam Smith, <em>Wealth of Nations</em>, Book I, Chapter ii, Section 2).Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-5741759645624233692007-02-06T13:33:00.000-08:002007-02-06T13:48:08.382-08:00Benn, Sir ErnestBenn, Sir Ernest. <span style="font-style: italic;">Confessions of a Capitalist</span>. London: Hutchinson. 1925. 287 pp.<br /><br />"A telling defense of individual initiative." - <span style="font-style: italic;">London Financial News</span>. "A book which is unique in economic literature. Sir Ernest's pen is as vivid as his mind is fearless and independent. ... He tells us the most intimate details of his business. ... The whole is accompanied by a running line of argument on the fundamental problems of economics, which is set out so skillfully as to be as entertaining and arresting as the autobiographical details." - Lionel Robbins.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">The Return to <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">Laisser</span> <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">Faire</span></span>. London: Ernest Benn. 1928. 221 pp.<br /><br />An Argument against the extension of governmental activity and interference in England and a plea for a return to individualism. Public aid to housing and the growing burden of bureaucracy are special targets. Even reviewers hostile to the author's thesis paid tribute to "the entertaining style, the caustic wit, the arresting illustration."<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">The State the Enemy</span>. London: Ernest Benn. 1953. 175 pp.<br /><br />The author reviews the British experiment in state intervention and socialism all the way from Lloyd George, who inherited a budget of L100 million, to Attlee, who left it at L4,000 million, and sums up the record of failure: "Nationalization has not brought the expected smile to the face of the worker, full employment has not encouraged production, the management of money has not improved its quality; in fact, all the anticipations of the original Fabian Essays, the bases of modern Socialism, have proved disappointing, if not entirely fallacious." The style is lively, witty and aphoristic.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-127025123135359142007-01-28T17:19:00.000-08:002007-01-28T17:31:58.256-08:00Liberty of Man in Society"<span style="font-style: italic;">The Liberty of Man, in Society</span>, is to be under no other Legislative Power, but that established, by consent, in the Common-wealth, nor under the Dominion of any Will, or Restraint of any Law, but what the Legislative shall enact, according to the Trust put in it" (Bk II, Chap IV, Sec 22).<br /><br /><br />BK: Note there is no requirement that the Legislative enact only that which is consistent with Natural Liberty. The requirement here is that the legislative power is established by consent and is constrained by the "Trust" placed in it, presumably to keep the terms of the agreement.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-12888427935295529812007-01-27T11:22:00.000-08:002007-01-28T17:31:17.341-08:00Natural Liberty"The <span style="font-style: italic;">Natural Liberty</span> of Man is to be free from any Superior Power on Earth, and not to be under the Will or Legislative Authority of Man, but to have only the Law of Nature for his Rule."<br /><br />Locke, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Second Treatise</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">of Government</span>, Bk. II, Chap IV, Sec 22.<br /><br /><br />BK: I just want to put this up for pondering for a day because I am not sure how well it fits with, or <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">relates</span> to, what follows in this chapter.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-24200011322159579082007-01-23T05:25:00.000-08:002007-01-23T05:31:22.618-08:00Benham, Frederic, and Boddy, F.M.Benham, Frederic, and Boddy, F.M. <span style="font-style: italic;">Principles of Economics</span>. Piman. 1947.<br /><br />A textbook intended for an introductory course, to provide "the simple tools of modern economic analysis." Considerable attention is also given to the effects of government intervention upon a capitalistic system.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-12071033333295598882007-01-10T17:56:00.000-08:002007-01-23T16:53:38.878-08:00Modern LibertyThose considering whether to purchase Charles Fried's new book may find <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/31/books/review/Rosen.t.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=a981bcb66c61b433&ex=1168578000">this review</a> in the New York Times interesting. The publisher's summary can be found <a target="_blank" href="http://www2.wwnorton.com/catalog/fall06/006000.htm">here</a>.<br /><br />I have just purchased the book and will enter my two cents after I have read it.<br /><br /><br />Charles Fried, Modern Liberty and the Limits of Government, W.W. Norton & Company, 2007, 217 pp.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-26780143465247095952007-01-07T20:38:00.000-08:002007-01-08T08:26:47.476-08:00Benda, Julien<span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">Benda</span></span>, <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">Julien</span></span>. <span style="font-style: italic;">The Treason of the Intellectuals</span>. Morrow. 1928. 244 pp.<br /><br />This celebrated book first appeared in France under the title <span style="font-style: italic;">La <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">Trahison</span></span> <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">des</span></span> <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">clercs</span></span></span>. "That the intellectuals of the world have sold out to utilitarianism, leaving their proper devotion to truth and humanity, is the theme of <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">Julien</span></span> <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6">Benda's</span></span> scorching analysis of the current leaders of thought. By taking on political passions, the intellectuals have played the game of the state, espoused war and conflict and lost that universalism which is their true reason for existence." - World Tomorrow.<br /><br />Greatly needed today is a study with a title and theme similar to <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">Benda's</span></span>, which would not only cover developments in the twenty-five years since his book appeared, and describe the intellectual and sometimes quite literal treachery of some present-day physical scientists, but would cover the whole drift of our <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8">literateurs</span></span> and other intellectual leaders over the last three-quarters of a century into a sentimental socialism - including Bernard Shaw, H.G. Wells, and the <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9"><span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">Webbs</span></span> in England, Anatole France in France, and the corresponding figures in Germany and America. It would be important to analyze not merely individual figures but the mob psychology of our modern intellectuals and the ease with which they were blown about by the fashionable winds of doctrine.<br /><br />BK: I do not like this type of critique. While individuals can sell out, it has been my experience that intellectuals believe what they believe to be true or right. No one sold out to utilitarianism anymore than they sold out to <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10">Kantianism</span>. Furthermore, to claim someone <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11">believes</span> in something simply because it is fashionable is to avoid the issue by calling someone a simpleton. This type of critique is not a critique at all. It assumes what needs to be proven - here that socialism is untenable. Furthermore, it assumes that the theory is so wrong, the only way to explain intellectual support is by nuanced references to payoffs and shallowness of character. The astute reader will notice that both of these claims are being levied against libertarian intellectuals today.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-27635619005594829182007-01-03T19:12:00.000-08:002007-01-03T19:15:44.162-08:00Beck, James MontgomeryBeck, James Montgomery. <em>Our Wonderland of Bureaucracy</em>. Macmillan. 1933. 290 pp.<br /><br />A study, by a former Solicitor General of the United States, of the growth of bureaucracy in the federal government, and its destructive effect upon the Constitution.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-1688509015824461112006-12-13T20:25:00.000-08:002006-12-13T20:31:49.561-08:00Beaulieu, P. Leroy<span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">Beaulieu</span>, P. Leroy. <span style="font-style: italic;">Collectivism</span>. London: Murray. 1908. 343 pp.<br /><br /> "An important analysis and criticism of Collectivism. That progress has always followed the substitution of individual ownership for collective ownership is clearly brought out. The relatively simple example of collective ownership in land is first dealt with and industrial collectivism is then examined. <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">Schaffle's</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Quintessence of Socialism</span> is taken as the only available source of information on the <span style="font-style: italic;">practical application</span> of Collectivism, and yet Leroy <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">Beaulieu</span> succeeds in proving its inherent incapability of performing its duties mainly by quotations from the book itself.: - PI.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17793576.post-86393698947662920012006-12-10T13:25:00.000-08:002006-12-10T13:34:30.005-08:00Baudin, Louis<span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">Baudin</span>, Louis. <span style="font-style: italic;">Les Incas </span><span style="font-style: italic;" onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">du</span><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-style: italic;" onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">Perou</span>. Paris: <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">Librairie</span> <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">de</span> <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">Medicis</span>. 1947. 188 pp.<br /><br />A <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6">shorter</span> study of the same subject that professor <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">Baudin</span> covered so thoroughly in his <span style="font-style: italic;" onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8">L'Empire</span> Socialist <span style="font-style: italic;" onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">des</span><span style="font-style: italic;"> Incas</span>, in 1928. When the Spaniards overcame the Incas of Peru they found that a socialist society had existed there in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries more totalitarian than perhaps any other known to history. <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10">Baudin</span> analyzes this society and shows the consequences of that total socialization, many of which have remained with the native Indian population to the present day - the complete <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11">suppression</span> of family sentiment, the immobilization of the individual, the disappearance of initiative and foresight, the complete petrification of life, the creation of a slave mentality. The book is written with great lucidity and vigor. Professor <span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12">Baudin</span> has a final chapter discussing the lessons of the empire of the Incas for our own time.Billhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07510712241973334376noreply@blogger.com0